The ivory color is pleasing to the eye and the texture is fine. It is the best material for carving. Chinese dental carvings have a long history and a large number, but most of the hand-carved tooth carvings were in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the perspective of collectors, this paper divides the Ming and Qing dynasties into four categories, and discusses the representative works and market prices of each major category. It is hoped that the popularity and interest development of the dental sculpture collection will be beneficial.
First, the distinguishing feature of ivory is that the cross section has a cross-centered circular pattern. The common ancient ivory (mammoth) and modern ivory are distinguished by color and texture. Ancient ivory yellowed and cracked.
Ivory avoids drying and temperature changes, and if it is not well preserved, it is easy to crack. When placing the tooth carving in the glass cabinet, it is best to put 1-2 cups of water next to it; pay attention to the light source when the display, the ivory also reflects the light, the long-term side of the light is white, and the side of the backlight is yellow. When not in use, use non-absorbent paper to pack it into the box. The following is a brief introduction to several major categories and market prices of dental carvings.
1, court products
According to historical records, the court of the Yuan Dynasty had workshops for specialized dental carvings and rhinoceros carvings, but there were only one or two pieces of unearthed teeth. The royal tooth carvings of the Ming Dynasty were made by the "Yujianjian". The gums of the Ming Dynasty existed in the world, and they were executed when they were officially visited by the five-product officials. The size of the people seen today varies from round to head and square head. The price is roughly between 5,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan.
The palace tooth carvings of the Qing Dynasty were made by the toothwork of the Yangxin Temple Office and the Ruyi Museum. The Tooth and Ruyi Museum recruited skilled craftsmen from all over the country, the most famous of which are Shi Tianzhang of Jiading, Feng Yu, and Chen Zuzhang of Guangdong. A key and controversial question about the Qing Royal Tooth Carving is whether there is a so-called "Qing Palace Tattoo Style". Mr. Yang Boda of the Forbidden City answered with affirmation, and the author of the book "Chinese Tooth Carving from Shang to Qing" held a negative answer. Mr. Yang Boda believes that although the teeth and the Ruyi Museum are an unfixed group of artisans from all over the country in each period, each craftsman must restrain his own personal style with locality and obey the "elegance". The court style of "show", "fine" and "smart". The author of Shang Qing Tooth Carving believes that the tooth is an unstable organization, its members are highly mobile, and the last group of people and the next group of people are often not related, so it is difficult to have a royal style of circulation and inheritance.
Judging from the published court objects, there are both outstanding products that Mr. Yang Boda said, as well as objects with obvious local styles (such as Cantonese-style tooth carvings). The author believes that there are two different issues that need to be treated differently: First, is there a court style that is above the local style? Second, do the elegant and elegant court products represent the highest aesthetic taste of the Qing dynasty (or at least one of the highest aesthetic tastes)? The author is basically positive about the second question. The local style may exceed the court's simple and elegant products in the words "fine" and "complex", but it is obviously not as good as "Ya". In this sense, I agree with Mr. Yang Boda to distinguish the court products that are mainly ya-based and focus on them. However, I think that this small amount of court-based teeth is not enough to constitute a style or genre, because there is no evidence that the characteristics of these teeth run through different periods and can be traced back to different periods. Rather than saying that the characteristics of these teeth represent a style, it is better to reflect an aesthetic view of the emperor or the office of a particular period. Therefore, although I can't deny the first question, I don't have enough evidence to confirm it.
2, character round sculpture
In the late Ming Dynasty, the ivory figure sculpture was raised as an industry in Zhangzhou, Fujian. The Ming dynasty tooth carvings are more complex and simple, but they pay attention to the expression of the face, hands and clothes belt. Its price depends on the size, theme and artistic level of the tooth carving, which is roughly between 5,000 yuan and 80,000 yuan. Zhangzhou tooth carving is good at expressing the connotation of characters.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were a large number of figures and various subjects. Among them, the large-scale ivory carvings were mostly works after Qianlong. It is worth mentioning that a common ivory lying naked woman in the Qing or the Republic of China, the artistic value of this kind of dental carving is not high, less than 10 cm, the price is 0.1-0.2 million, the big one is more than 40 cm, the price is tens of thousands. yuan. There is controversy about its nature. The traditional Western saying is medical. In the past, it was inconvenient for the woman to refer to the disease, so the naked female model was used to refer to the affected part. Until today, Westerners still call it "the doctor's woman." Another argument is that it is a Chinese-made plaything that resembles the shape of a western ivory. The author prefers the latter statement. The former statement is obviously unable to withstand scrutiny. How can a naked woman be so small that she can point out the diseased part? The original shape of this class obviously has a Western influence. It should be the playthings exported to the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later, the sales were good, the style was fixed, and it was still manufactured in the Republic of China.
3, wenwan miscellaneous items
Although some Ming literati believe that literary furnishings are not suitable for ivory production, there are quite a lot of jigsaws in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including pen holders, arm rests, hanging screens, placards, pen holders, pen washes, pens, snuff bottles. , decorative bottles, incense tubes, insect cans, Ruyi, syringes, all kinds of bowls, plates, bowls, saucers, boxes, cups, pots, mirror backs, frames, pendants, etc.
4. Export category
If the center of the export of the tooth carving is Cangzhou, then the center of the ivory export in the Qing Dynasty is Guangdong. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong and later, Guangdong exported a large number of dental carvings, including decorative fans, business card boxes, jewelry boxes, chess, letter inserts, umbrella handles, frames, complicated craft boats, towers, multi-layer balls and so on. The common feature of these export objects is to cater to the psychology of Westerners, and to pay attention to the craftsmanship and complexity. Today we will look at these objects again. We may sigh their exquisiteness in crafts, but their artistic connotations are relatively poor.
The traditional method of judging the quality of teeth is based on the words "é›…", "细" and "ç¹ç¹". The three characters are headed by "Ya". But in fact, there are very few dental carvings that can satisfy all three words: one tooth is too thin and too complicated, and the whole will not be elegant and elegant. From a collection point of view, a tooth carving can achieve superior quality in any word, and it is worthwhile to hide. The connotation and overall effect of the artifacts are important, but the meticulous craftsmanship and complexity of the styling are equally intriguing.
At present, the domestic Ming and Qing dynasty dental carving market is in its infancy, and the transaction rate and transaction price of the Ming and Qing dynasties in the auction are not stable. From the perspective of investment appreciation, the author believes that the well-designed Mingyuan carving, Ming and Qing pen holders, and fine-grained exporting teeth are ideal choices.
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