The international academic journal Cell Research published online the latest research results of the Liu Mofang group of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences on April 24. This work was completed in cooperation with Professor Wang Qingcheng of Shanghai Southern Model Biology Research Center.
Onconase is a ribonuclease extracted from the eggs or embryos of the northern leopard frog. It is the smallest member of the RNase A superfamily. It has been approved by the European Union, Australia and the United States FDA as an Orphan drug for malignant diseases. Use for clinical treatment of skin tumors. Malignant mesothelioma is also commonly known as asbestos cancer because of exposure to asbestos. The prognosis of this malignant tumor is extremely poor, so far there is no effective treatment. Onconase specifically induces apoptosis of cancer cells, while its toxicity to normal cells is low. Clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer are currently underway. However, as a promising anti-tumor drug, the cytotoxic mechanism of Onconase is not fully understood.
miRNA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. Liu Mofang's research group graduates Qiao Meng and Zu Lidong found that Onconase has a general down-regulation effect on the expression of miRNA in malignant mesothelioma cells, while downstream target genes such as miR-155 and miR-21 in some cells Socs1, pten, pdcd4 and other tumor suppressor genes have a significant upregulation effect. Interestingly, this work found that Onconase degrades miRNA precursors, but has no significant effect on the miRNA mature chain; consistent with this, Onconase inhibits Dicer processing of miRNA precursors and reduces Dicer production of mature miRNAs. Further research found that Onconase prefers UG and UU to miRNA precursor cleavage sites.
This work revealed a new mechanism of Onconase's anticancer activity, perfected the mechanism of Onconase's anticancer effect, and provided a scientific basis for more reasonable, effective, and safe medications related to Onconase.
The research work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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