As long as there is a large irreversible change in the normal flora and host organisms in the ecological balance, it is possible to cause ecological imbalance and cause disease. Among them, there are dysbacteriosis caused by microbial factors, and low immune function caused by host factors, both of which are related to changes in the normal bacterial colony.
Dysbacteriosis
In the normal flora that colonizes a certain part of the host, the type and quantity ratio of bacteria is relatively constant. In the process of treating diseases, doctors often trigger another new infection during the use of antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases. The reason is that after long-term or large-scale application of antibacterial drugs, most of the normal flora are killed or suppressed And a small number of bacteria that were originally at a disadvantage or foreign bacteria that could not be killed by antimicrobial drugs (resistant strains) will take advantage of the opportunity to multiply in large numbers, greatly changing the type and number of original bacteria. This kind of disease caused by severe bacterial disorder is called double infection. Common bacteria causing double infection are Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Clostridium difficile and some Gram-negative bacilli. The clinical manifestations are pseudomembranous enteritis, pneumonia, and thrush. In case of double infection, in addition to discontinuing the original antibacterial drugs, the predominant bacteria isolated and cultured in the specimens should be tested for susceptibility to see what drugs can kill them, and choose the appropriate one. At the same time, it can also be used with corresponding health foods or microbial preparations to improve the normal intestinal flora to help adjust the type and number of flora to speed up the recovery of patients.
Poor host immune function
This imbalance is mainly caused by a decline in the local or systemic immune function of the host, while the type and number ratio of normal flora has not changed. It is not uncommon for local immunity to be low. For example, after tooth extraction or flattened body removal surgery, Streptococcus A in the mouth or nasopharynx can enter the bloodstream through the surgical wound. If the patient has a congenital heart defect, it will often cause bacterial endocarditis. In the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases, tube transplantation, tumors, etc., it is often necessary to use large doses of corticosteroids, anti-tumor drugs or radiotherapy, etc. These medical measures will cause the body's systemic immune function to decrease, thus making some normal The flora enters the bloodstream, and they can now cross the mucosal barrier that blocked them from the outside, causing sepsis and even death.
Change in hermitage
If the normal flora is transferred from the original colony to other parts of the host, it may cause disease. The reason is that the flora enters a new part of the host, unlike the tissues and cells of the original colony that have adapted to these bacteria, they can live in peace and be safe. For example, if Escherichia coli in the intestine enters the urinary tract, it can cause pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc .; if it enters the abdominal cavity or blood flow due to trauma or surgical wounds, it can lead to peritonitis, sepsis, etc.
Many people have the experience of so-called "satisfied soil and water". After eating a delicious food in a new place, the appetite and diarrhoea occurred. This disease is mostly caused by the patient arriving in this new place, due to inadvertent diet in the first few days, some new microorganisms have been added to the patient's intestine through drinking water or other means, which are different from the microorganisms that originally lived in the patient's intestine. The coordination relationship is not established, and some bacteria that may cause disease multiply, causing symptoms similar to dysentery. Although typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever may occur, most of these patients with water and soil failure are not caused by malignant pathogenic bacteria, but by ordinary bacteria that are harmless in the local area and caused by new residents who are not immune. There is really no way to avoid contact with these microbes against water and soil. All you have to do is to minimize contact with them, avoid intestinal dysfunction caused by non-microorganisms, and establish a conventional defense system without any pain. The specific measures are to avoid overeating in the first few days of arriving at a place, drink less local water, choose freshly cooked dishes, and wash fruits. If this can be done, these tourists will be able to chew on local delicacies in a few days without worrying about upset stomach.
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