Serum refers to the light yellow transparent liquid separated from fibrin in blood plasma after blood clotting, or plasma to which fibrin has been removed. The main functions of serum: 1. Provide basic nutrients: amino acids, vitamins, inorganic substances, lipid substances, nucleic acid derivatives, etc., are essential substances for cell growth. 2. Provide hormones and various growth factors: insulin, adrenocortical hormones, steroid hormones, etc. Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet growth factor and so on. 3. Provide binding protein: The function of binding protein is to carry important low molecular weight substances, such as albumin to carry vitamins, fat, and hormones, and transferrin to carry iron. Binding proteins play an important role in cellular metabolism. 4. Provide contact promoting and stretching factors to protect the cells from mechanical damage. 5. It has some protective effects on the cells in culture: some cells, such as endothelial cells and bone marrow-like cells, can release proteases, and the serum contains anti-protease components to neutralize. This effect was discovered by accident, and now the purpose of using serum is to stop the digestion of trypsin. Because trypsin has been widely used for the passage of adherent cells. Serum proteins form the viscosity of serum, which can protect cells from mechanical damage, especially when the suspension culture is stirred, the viscosity plays an important role. Serum also contains some trace elements and ions, which play an important role in metabolic detoxification.
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