First, illumination requirements
Including horizontal and vertical illuminance, there are sufficient horizontal illuminance and vertical illuminance, and the illuminance of the pool site should meet the requirements of national standards. See Table 1.
In practical projects, for some swimming venues that often hold major international competitions, higher illumination standards are often used. For example, if the average illuminance of the water surface is 1500 lx, or the average illuminance of the vertical surface of the camera is 1000 lx, the Broadcast requirements. Table 2 is a comparison of the relative standard values ​​of illumination in China and other countries. Except for Japan adopting higher standards, the standard values ​​of illumination used by other countries are lower than those in China.
In addition to meeting the requirements in Table 1, the lighting of the swimming pool should also meet the requirements for standardization of the illumination of the TV broadcasting, see Table 3.
Table 4 shows the requirements of various countries for color television broadcast lighting. In addition to the specific provisions on vertical illumination and illuminance uniformity, requirements on the color temperature and color rendering index of the light source are also required.
Second, illumination distribution and brightness distribution
There should be a uniform illumination distribution and brightness distribution, and the illumination uniformity should meet the provisions of the national standard of the People's Republic of China “Civil Architectural Lighting Design Standard GBJ133-90†in Chapter 3.1.4 of Chapter III of the lighting uniformity of stadiums.
1, illumination uniformity
In the main camera direction of the sports field, the ratio between the minimum and maximum values ​​of vertical illuminance should not be less than 0.4, and the ratio between the average vertical illuminance and the average illuminance should not be less than 0.25; the ratio between the minimum and maximum illuminance of the venue's horizontal illumination should not be less than 0.5; The vertical illuminance of the auditorium of the stadium should not be less than 0.25 of the vertical illuminance of the venue.
In the actual project, the glare must be prevented while satisfying the requirements for the uniformity of illumination, and the results of the calculation are often difficult to satisfy both requirements at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the rationality of the lighting design of swimming pools by selecting the appropriate lighting distribution and reasonable cloth lighting.
2, brightness uniformity
In order to form a good viewing environment, brightness uniformity should be emphasized in addition to the uniformity of contrast. Because it is in the place where the brightness distribution is appropriate in the visual field, it is easy to see. When watching the swimming exercise, the viewer's line of sight is moving. If the brightness distribution changes too much and the viewing target changes frequently, it may cause fatigue and discomfort. If the brightness is too uniform, the environment will be too rigid, and therefore, the brightness uniformity should be appropriate. See Table 6 for the uniformity of the brightness of the indoor sports field.
3, light color and color rendering requirements
Appropriate light color and good color rendering. The light color of the light source used in the swimming pool is generally selected to match the daylight hue. At the same time, considering that the indoor tone of the swimming pool is mostly cold, the light source with a color temperature of about 5000 k or more is often used. The color rendering index of the swimming pool light source can be greater than 65 as required by the national standard. However, in practical projects, considering the effect of color television broadcasting, for some important swimming pools, the color rendering index of the light source is often required to reach around 85. However, the increase of the color rendering index will bring about problems such as the life of the light source, light efficiency, price, etc. Therefore, for an ordinary swimming stadium, Ra ≥ 65 can meet the general television broadcast requirements, and it is not necessary to blindly pursue the high color rendering index of the light source.
4, glare control
Compared with other sports venues in the city, the swimming pool has its own special features in lighting design. The main difference is that the swimming pool water will produce waves when the athlete swims, and the light will reflect in the wave range, which will cause serious problems. Glare, so that the audience's referee can not see the athlete's technical movements; at the same time when the athlete appears dangerous, due to the role of glare, may not be found but not timely rescue, so when we carry out lighting design, this should be Glare control is minimal. The light source should be effectively blocked to reduce the brightness of the lamp surface. Reference may be made to the relevant provisions of Appendix 5 “Luminance Intensity Limit Curves†of the “Industrial Lighting Design Standard GB50034-92â€.
5, lighting distribution
The appropriate lighting configuration (including the arrangement of the lamps and the light intensity distribution of the lamps) should be suitable to meet the requirements of the glare limitation and to meet the requirement of evenness of illumination to make it economical and applicable. In general, asymmetric light distribution lamps are superior to symmetrical light distribution lamps.
6, lighting protection
There should be certain protective measures, such as the use of high-strength, anti-strike lamp housings, to prevent damage to people after the damage of light sources and lamps.
7, anti-flash
Effective measures should be taken to eliminate the strobe effect.
8, why maintenance
The installation location of the lamps should be easy to maintain and overhaul. Due to the relatively large space of the swimming pool, the lamps and light sources are used in large quantities. Therefore, when designing, it is necessary to fully consider the convenience of maintenance and inspection. In general, lamps are usually installed on a light bridge and light bridges are used for maintenance.
9, switch control
The switch control of the luminaire should have a certain degree of flexibility, so that it can adapt to the different requirements of the level of contrast in the official competition and training.
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