The Ming Dynasty was a very peculiar dynasty in ancient China. The rise of the civil service group represented by the first assistant led to the weakening of the royal power. The aesthetics of the literati directly influenced the aesthetic trend of the masses during the Ming Dynasty. Among them, Ming style furniture is one of the outstanding examples. The "four-headed official hat chair" is typical of Ming style furniture.
Name interpretation
The four-headed official hat chair is a kind of chair with both the brain and the handrail. The shape is like the name of an ancient official's hat. It is a symbol of furniture grade. This type of chair began in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The so-called "four-outer" refers to the "heads" of the chair at both ends, and the front and rear of the left and right handrails. The standard style is that the back is a backboard, and the armrests on both sides are each equipped with a "crib". It is a typical style of chair shape in China's Ming style furniture.
Historical traceability
There are four out-of-the-box armchairs in the furniture unearthed from the Tomb of the Jin Dynasty in the Datong Huayan Temple. Although it has not yet been clearly called the official hat chair, its simple and practical shape has formed the prototype of the official hat chair.
Beauty of style
The head and the handrail of the chair are all out of the head. After the brain is over the column, it is still forwarded, and it is picked out and lifted at the end. The middle part of the brain is curved in the shape of a pot, and the ends of the armrest are externally squatted. The curve is beautiful, flexible, and the style is very exaggerated. The back plate is light and beautiful, and the "S" shape is formed. The round column and the hind leg are connected together. The two handrails are connected in the middle and the bottom. The following are thick and erect, that is, the "mouse tail" practice, the goose neck part forward Tilting, sings with the curve that fits the back of the human body, and the person sitting on the chair is more comfortable and conforms to the ergonomics. The ancients pay attention to the sitting, through the shape of the chair backboard and the handrail curve to convey the power and dignity of the rider. There is no decoration in the upper and lower, the structure is concise, completely processed by lines and radians. The lines are straight and the circle is round, which fully reflects the simple and bright features of Ming style furniture. It is a boutique in the Ming style chair.
Ming furniture
This design concept of Ming-style furniture embodies the dynamics of Chinese aesthetics, the combination of rigidity and softness, and the incomprehensible aesthetic concept. The styling structure attaches great importance to the matching of the hall building, and the combination of lines gives the artistic effect of sleazy and ethereal. Compared with the luxuriant Qing style furniture, the Ming style furniture wins with fresh, elegant and concise generalization, so in the ancient furniture market, The popular saying "Ten Qing is not a clear one".
Ming Huanghuali wood four-headed official hat chair
Furniture is a combination of practical goods and art. The use of sex is its first element. While satisfying the use, we cannot forget the other main component, that is, using art to express its form. Ming style furniture is an excellent example of the successful combination of the two.
Ming style furniture is not the same as Ming Dynasty furniture. Ming Dynasty furniture is a historical concept. The time period covered is the furniture made during the Ming Dynasty. The Ming style furniture is a cultural concept. The two have essential differences. There is no time limit for Ming style furniture. Not only the excellent furniture of the Ming Dynasty is called Ming style furniture, but the furniture of the early Qing Dynasty still retains the Ming style style and still belongs to Ming style furniture. Later, even today, according to the Ming Dynasty style, it is also a Ming style furniture. Ming style furniture is an artistic achievement formed by the Ming Dynasty in China, and has been praised by the world as a pearl of oriental art. Renowned in the world furniture system.
Four-headed official hat chair structure
Ming Dynasty furniture
Compared with the magnificent and complicated palace furniture, the simple and clear Ming furniture is the representative of the literati furniture. Literati Ya Shi in the elegant and leisurely life, their full-fledged poetry and talents are looking for the object of rejuvenation. Among the indoor appliances, furniture has the closest relationship with people, so it is the first to be smothered with refined literati atmosphere. After continuous refinement and artisticization, it becomes the "Ming-style furniture" that sings the future. Therefore, Ming-style furniture is in shape. The material, decoration and craftsmanship reflect the unique cultural pursuit of the traditional literati: natural and high, elegant and euphemistic, neutral and subtle, reflecting a strong book.
Professor Yan Anguo, author of Ming and Qing Dynasties Furniture Appreciation, wrote in his book: "If the high-grade lacquered furniture reflects the emotional consciousness of the nobles and nobles, then the Ming-style furniture that was formed later, more It is the hobby of the Jiangnan literati. They advocate the principle and interest of 'having a degree' and 'having a style', which is simple and elegant, simple and elegant, and skillful and natural. Therefore, Ming style furniture is like a desk and painting in the literati study. Tables, literary chairs, rose chairs, etc., "fully embodies the literati's creation concept and materialized spirit. The typical Ming style furniture that is circulated in the Suzhong area, many of them are authentic 'literary furniture', fully embodying the 'Ming style 'The spiritual connotation, the charm of the times and the cultural atmosphere."
The literati's participation in furniture production has injected vitality into the ancient furniture crafts. They have written articles about interior design and furniture decoration. The literati's description of the furniture has been seen since the Han Dynasty, but most of them are sporadic records of words. In the late Ming Dynasty, the literati used quaint and elegant, opposed to the tattoos, and pursued natural nature. He wrote a large number of articles with the quaintness as the aesthetic standard of furniture, and the detailed explanations were unmatched in any previous era. The literati's viewpoints and discourses have played a vital role in the formation of Ming style furniture style. These artistic daily life instruments have written a new chapter in furniture art with distinctive personality characteristics and rich literati atmosphere.
Decorated with the natural texture of wood, it is a major feature of Ming style furniture art. According to records, the preference for the natural texture of wood has been around for a long time. As early as in the Western Han Dynasty, Zhongshan Wang Liusheng "Wenmu Fu" contained: "The system is a few sticks, very beautiful and poor; the system is a pillow case, the article is awkward." On the Ming furniture, the most beautiful wood is used in the conspicuous parts.
Extended reading: the classics of the era beyond the era - 眀-style circle chair
Huanghuali Yunlong pattern four out of the official hat chair
"Wen Chair" four-headed official hat chair
"Four in the first place" is a chair with both the brain and the armrests heading out. Its shape is named after the hat of an ancient official. From the Dunhuang murals of the Five Dynasties, we can find a large chair similar to the four-headed official hat chair for the monks to use. In the Song Dynasty, the "zen chair" dedicated to meditation was gradually evolved. In the furniture unearthed from the Tomb of the Yuan Dynasty in the Huayan Temple of Datong, there are four out-of-the-box armchairs. Although it can not be called an official hat chair, its shape is simple and cute, and it should belong to the same category. During the Ming Dynasty, the four-headed armchairs were promoted to the public for wider use.
The Vimalaki Sutra in the north side of the east wall of the No. 61 Grotto of Dunhuang murals (the Five Dynasties)
The four-headed official hat chair is generally made of huanghuali. It is known as the most "quiet" wood with red sandalwood. The color of the yellow pear is beautiful, the texture is endless, and there is a beautiful beauty in the luxurious. Therefore, the deep love for the literati Ya Shi, so the official hat chair is also known as the "text chair." Even today, when literati scholars participate in some of the more grand events or ceremonies, the preferred chair is the four-headed official hat chair.
The shape of the official hat chair is simple. As far as the chair itself is concerned, the point, the line, the texture and the color constitute the basic elements of its aesthetic. Although the lower structure of the chair, legs and other are mainly straight lines, the upper seat back, the brain, the armrests, and even the squats and the goose neck are full of agile atmosphere. For hundreds of years, the flowing water slowly flows. Dignified, atmospheric, whether in the ancient times, in the hall or in the study, calmly sitting, calm and peaceful.
After the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the newly created armchairs with a focus on furnishings have seen the inheritance relationship between them and the "official hats" in terms of size and general shape, but fundamentally changed the Ming Dynasty. A thick book of books.
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