Introduction
Infrared temperature measurement technology has been developed to scan and measure the temperature of the surface with heat change, determine the temperature distribution image, and quickly detect the hidden temperature difference. This is the infrared thermal imager. The infrared thermal imager was first applied to the military, the United States. TI has developed the world's first infrared scanning reconnaissance system in 19 years. In the future, infrared thermal imaging technology has been used in aircraft, tanks, warships and other weapons in the West, and the thermal imaging system as a reconnaissance target has greatly improved. The ability to search and hit targets. Fluke infrared thermometers are leading the way in civil technology. However, how to make infrared temperature measurement technology widely used is still a research topic worth studying.
Thermometer principle
The infrared thermometer consists of an optical system, a photodetector, a signal amplifier, signal processing, and display output. The optical system converges the target infrared radiation energy within its field of view. The size of the field of view is determined by the optical components of the thermometer and their position. The infrared energy is focused on the photodetector and converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The signal passes through the amplifier and the signal processing circuit, and is converted to the temperature value of the measured object after being corrected according to the algorithm of the internal treatment of the instrument and the target emissivity.
In nature, all objects with temperatures above absolute zero are constantly emitting infrared radiation energy to the surrounding space. The magnitude of the infrared radiation energy of an object and its distribution by wavelength - is very closely related to its surface temperature. Therefore, by measuring the infrared energy radiated by the object itself, it can accurately measure its surface temperature, which is the objective basis on which infrared radiation is measured.
Infrared Thermometer Principle The black body is an idealized radiator that absorbs the radiant energy of all wavelengths. Without the reflection and transmission of energy, the surface emissivity is 1. However, the actual objects existing in nature are hardly black. In order to clarify and obtain the law of infrared radiation distribution, it is necessary to select a suitable model in theoretical research. This is the quantized vibrator model of body cavity radiation proposed by Planck. The law of Planck blackbody radiation, the blackbody spectral irradiance expressed in wavelength, is derived. This is the starting point of all infrared radiation theory, so it is called the blackbody radiation law. The amount of radiation of all actual objects depends on the wavelength of the radiation and the temperature of the object, as well as the type of material that makes up the object, the method of preparation, the thermal process, and the surface state and environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to apply the law of blackbody radiation to all practical objects, it is necessary to introduce a proportionality factor, ie, emissivity, related to the material properties and surface state. This coefficient indicates how close the thermal radiation of the actual object is to the blackbody radiation, with values ​​between zero and less than one. According to the law of radiation, as long as the emissivity of the material is known, the infrared radiation characteristics of any object are known. The main factors affecting the emissivity are: material type, surface roughness, physical and chemical structure and material thickness.
When using the infrared radiation thermometer to measure the temperature of the target, first measure the amount of infrared radiation in the range of the target, and then calculate the temperature of the target by the thermometer. The monochromatic thermometer is proportional to the amount of radiation in the band; the two-color thermometer is proportional to the ratio of the amount of radiation in the two bands.
Features
1. CE certification is qualified.
2, simple, lightweight, one-handed operation.
3. Backlight display.
4. After releasing the “MEASURE†button, the reading value is automatically locked.
5. The user can select the Celsius or Fahrenheit temperature unit display. External thermometer
6. Fixed emissivity (ε) 0.95.
7, automatic shutdown function.
8. Use a thermopile sensor (6-14μm).
9, with PVC? dust jacket.
Application range
Measuring electrical equipment
The non-contact infrared thermometer measures the surface temperature of an object from a safe distance, making it an indispensable tool in the maintenance of electrical equipment.
Electrical equipment application
In the following applications, equipment failure and unplanned power outages can be effectively prevented.
The connector-electrical connection will gradually loosen the connector, generating heat due to repeated heating (expansion) and cooling (shrinkage), or surface dirt, carbon deposits and corrosion. Non-contact thermometers can quickly determine the temperature rise that indicates a serious problem.
Motor - To maintain the life of the motor, check that the power supply cable and circuit breaker (or fuse) are at the same temperature.
Motor Bearings - Check for hot spots and repair or replace them regularly before problems occur that cause equipment failure.
Motor Coil Insulation - Extends its life by measuring the temperature of the motor coil insulation.
Measurement between phases - Check that the temperature between the wires of the induction motor, mainframe and other equipment and the phases of the connectors are the same.
The windings of the transformer-air-cooled device can be directly measured with an infrared thermometer to check for excessive temperatures, and any hot spots indicate damage to the transformer windings.
Uninterruptible Power Supply - Determines the hot point of the connection line on the UPS output filter. A low temperature point indicates that the DC filter line may be open.
Backup Battery - Check the low voltage battery to make sure the connection is correct. Poor contact with the battery connector may heat up enough to burn the battery core.
Ballast - Check for overheating before the ballast begins to smoke.
Utilities - Identify hot spots for connectors, wire connectors, transformers, and other devices. Some models of optical instruments range from 60:1 to larger, allowing almost all measurement targets to be within the measurement range.
Difference between non-contact infrared thermometer and contact thermometer
Pay attention when using
To locate a hot spot, to find a hot spot, the instrument aims at the target, and then scans the target up and down until the hot spot is determined.
Temperature measurement is not possible through glass. Glass has very special reflection and transmission characteristics and does not allow accurate infrared temperature readings. However, the temperature can be measured by the infrared window. Infrared thermometers are best not used for temperature measurement (stainless steel, aluminum, etc.) on shiny or polished metal surfaces.
Only the surface temperature is measured, and the infrared thermometer cannot measure the internal temperature.
Pay attention to environmental conditions: steam, dust, smoke, etc. It blocks the optical system of the instrument and affects accurate temperature measurement.
Ambient temperature, if the thermometer is suddenly exposed to an ambient temperature difference of 20 ° C or higher, allowing the instrument to adjust to the new ambient temperature within 20 minutes.
1. To avoid damage to the infrared thermometer, first use compressed air to remove large particles and dust, then wipe with a cloth.
2. Gently use a slightly moistened non-corrosive solution to clean the lens or a mildly diluted soap solution (solution or a mildly diluted soap solution (do not use a soft cotton cloth to wipe the lens (do not immerse the cloth in liquid) Wipe the lens with a soft cotton cloth (do not immerse the cloth in the liquid). Wipe the display gently with a clean computer monitor cleaning cloth.
3. Gently wipe the display with a clean computer monitor cleaning cloth.
4. Gently wipe the thermometer body with a clean, slightly damp cloth. If necessary, soak the cloth with a solution of water and a small amount of mild soap.
5. When the use is completed, please cover the lens cover with the infrared thermometer as soon as possible and put it in the carrying case for storage.
Selection requirements:
Performance indicators, such as temperature range, spot size, working wavelength, measurement accuracy, response time, etc.; environmental and working conditions, such as ambient temperature, window, display and output, protection accessories, etc.; other options, such as ease of use, maintenance And calibration performance and price, etc., also have a certain impact on the choice of thermometer. With the technology and continuous development, the best design and new development of infrared thermometers provide users with a variety of functions and versatile instruments, expanding the choice. [1]
Determine the temperature range
:
The temperature range is one of the most important performance indicators of the thermometer. For example, TIME (Time), Raytek (Raytek) products cover the range of -50 ° C - + 3000 ° C, but this can not be done by a model of infrared thermometer. Each type of thermometer has its own specific temperature range. Therefore, the user's measured temperature range must be considered accurate and comprehensive, neither too narrow nor too wide. According to the black body radiation law, the change of the radiant energy caused by the temperature in the short wavelength band of the spectrum will exceed the change of the radiant energy caused by the emissivity error. Therefore, it is better to select the short wave when measuring the temperature.
Determine target size
According to the principle, the infrared thermometer can be divided into a monochrome thermometer and a two-color thermometer (radiation colorimeter). For a monochrome thermometer, the measured target area should be filled with the field of view of the thermometer when measuring temperature. It is recommended that the measured target size exceeds 50% of the field of view size. If the target size is smaller than the field of view, the background radiant energy will enter the thermometer's visual accumulator to interfere with the temperature reading, causing an error. Conversely, if the target is larger than the field of view of the thermometer, the thermometer will not be affected by the background outside the measurement area.
For the Raytek two-color thermometer, the temperature is determined by the ratio of the radiant energy in two independent wavelength bands. Therefore, when the measured target is small, there is no full scene, there is smoke, dust and blocking on the measurement path, and the radiation energy is attenuated, and the measurement result will not be affected. Even when the energy is attenuated by 95%, the required temperature measurement accuracy can be guaranteed. For targets with small targets that are in motion or vibration; sometimes moving within the field of view, or possibly partially moving out of the field of view, under these conditions, the use of a two-color thermometer is the best choice. A two-color fiber optic thermometer is the best choice if there is no direct aiming between the thermometer and the target, and the measurement channel is curved, narrow, and obstructed. This is due to its small diameter and flexibility to transmit optical radiant energy over curved, blocked and folded channels, so that it is possible to measure targets that are difficult to access, have harsh conditions, or are close to electromagnetic fields.
Determine optical resolution (distance and sensitivity)
The optical resolution is determined by the ratio of D to S, which is the ratio of the distance D between the thermometer to the target and the diameter S of the measurement spot. If the thermometer must be installed away from the target due to environmental constraints, but to measure small targets, you should choose a high optical resolution thermometer. The higher the optical resolution, ie the higher the D:S ratio, the higher the cost of the thermometer.
Determine the wavelength range
The emissivity and surface characteristics of the target material determine the spectral response or wavelength of the thermometer. For high reflectivity alloy materials, there is a low or varying emissivity. In the high temperature zone, the optimum wavelength for measuring metal materials is near-infrared, with a wavelength of 0.18-1.0 μm. Other temperature zones are available with 1.6μm, 2.2μm and 3.9μm wavelengths. Since some materials are transparent at certain wavelengths, infrared energy can penetrate these materials, and special wavelengths should be chosen for this material. For example, the internal temperature of the measuring glass should be 10μm, 2.2μm and 3.9μm (the glass to be tested should be very thick, otherwise it will pass through); the internal temperature of the measuring glass should be 5.0μm; the lower area should be 8-14μm; The polyethylene plastic film is selected to have a wavelength of 3.43 μm, and the polyacetate is selected to have a wavelength of 4.3 μm or 7.9 μm. The thickness of the electrode exceeds 0.4 mm and the wavelength of 8-14 μm is selected. For example, the wavelength of the CO2 in the flame is 4.24-4.3 μm, and the wavelength of C0 in the flame is measured by a narrow band of 4.64 μm, and the wavelength of N02 in the flame is measured by 4.47 μm.
Signal processing function
Measuring discrete processes (such as part production) and continuous processes require infrared thermometers with signal processing functions (such as peak hold, valley hold, average). For example, when measuring the glass on the conveyor belt, the peak value is used, and the output signal of the temperature is transmitted to the controller.
Determine response time
The response time represents the response speed of the infrared thermometer to the measured temperature change, defined as the time required to reach 95% of the final reading, which is related to the time constant of the photodetector, signal processing circuitry, and display system. The new infrared thermometer has a response time of up to 1ms. This is much faster than the contact temperature measurement method. If the target moves quickly or measures a fast-heating target, use a fast-response infrared thermometer. Otherwise, sufficient signal response will not be achieved, which will reduce the measurement accuracy. However, not all applications require a fast-responding infrared thermometer. For thermal inertia in stationary or target thermal processes, the response time of the thermometer can be relaxed. Therefore, the response time of the infrared thermometer should be selected in accordance with the situation of the target.
Environmental considerations
The environmental conditions in which the thermometer is located have a great influence on the measurement results and should be considered and properly solved. Otherwise, the temperature measurement accuracy may be affected or even cause damage to the thermometer. When the ambient temperature is too high, dust, smoke and steam are present, you can use accessories such as protective covers, water cooling, air cooling systems, air purifiers, etc. These accessories effectively address environmental impacts and protect the thermometer for accurate temperature measurement. When determining attachments, standardization services should be required as much as possible to reduce installation costs. Investigating smoke, dust or other particles to reduce the measured energy signal, a two-color thermometer is the best choice. Fiber optic two-color thermometers are the best choice for noise, electromagnetic fields, vibration or inaccessible environmental conditions, or other harsh conditions. [2]
Handheld thermometer
First, use: GQ-330 portable smelting thermometer is a high-precision special instrument specially developed for the rapid measurement of molten metal temperature in the smelting process of smelting, casting and other industries.
The instrument takes high-performance single-chip microcomputer as the core, adopts high-precision measurement sensor components, and adopts various intelligent processing technologies to ensure long-term stable operation of the instrument. Improve the anti-interference ability of the instrument.
GQ-330 portable smelting thermometer adopts integrated design of temperature measuring instrument and temperature measuring gun. According to the characteristics of harsh working environment and high temperature in smelting temperature measurement, it adopts shockproof and high brightness LED digital tube display and full metal casing design. Therefore, it is more durable.
This instrument has:
1. The temperature value is automatically maintained when the temperature is measured.
2, the light, beep sound prompts the end of the temperature measurement (lift the test gun) function.
3. Alarm function such as break, over-range, power supply undervoltage.
4. The power supply uses a nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery (the temperature can be measured thousands of times after a single charge).
5. Turn on the power. When there is no signal input for 2 minutes, the power function will be automatically disconnected.
This instrument has excellent anti-interference ability due to the latest anti-interference measures. When the intermediate frequency furnace is energized and smelted without power supply, the temperature can be measured in the furnace.
Third, the technical performance indicators measurement range and measurement accuracy:
The company's main stainless steel water collector, tank bottom weld vacuum test box, reading instrument, eight-stage air microbial sampler, relay comprehensive tester, dual-wavelength scanner, coating thickness gauge, soil mill, tempered glass surface Flatness tester, sound sensor, portable electric water level gauge, network mouth flow meter, corrosion rate meter, portable scratch tester, freezing point tester, water quality tester, online ammonia tester, coating thickness gauge, coating Thickness gauge, soil pulverizer, digital thermometer, gas sampling pump, ceramic impact tester, automatic crystallization point tester, drug freezing point tester, reed switch tester, constant temperature water bath, gasoline root turn, gas Sampling pump, tempered glass tester, water quality tester, PM2.5 tester, inhalable particulate matter detector, high frequency heat sealing machine, strain control triaxial instrument, milk somatic cell detector, helium gas concentration detector, soil moisture conductance Rate tester, field strength meter, collection box, color ratio tester, capillary water absorption time measuring instrument, redox potentiometer vibrometer, carbon monoxide carbon dioxide detection , CO2 analyzer, oscillopolarograph, slime content tester, car starter power supply, automatic potentiometric titrator, portable thermometer, zirconia analyzer, reed switch tester, precision conductivity meter, TOC water quality analysis Instrument, microcomputer plasticity tester, wind direction station, automatic spotting instrument, soil oxidation reduction potentiometer, digital thermometer, portable total phosphorus tester, corrosion rate meter, constant temperature water bath, residual chlorine detector, free expansion rate meter , centrifuge cup, concrete saturated vapor pressure device, particle strength tester, Gauss meter, automatic film coating machine, safety valve grinding tool, weather station, kinesthetic orientation instrument, dark adaptation instrument, smell collector, rain gauge, four in one Gas analyzer, emulsion concentration meter, dissolved oxygen meter, temperature measuring instrument, thin layer planking device, temperature recorder, aging meter, noise detector, constant temperature and humidity chamber, split resistivity tester, initial viscosity and holding viscosity Tester, infrared carbon dioxide analyzer, hydrogen lamp, kinesthetic orientation instrument, constant temperature animal operating table, cooling fan, grease acid value detector, viscosity meter, colony counter, Weather station, rain gauge, Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, fluorescent whitening agent, flat grinding instrument, fuel cell characteristic comprehensive tester, dissolving instrument, online PH meter, on-site dynamic balance meter, high vacuum valve, ultrasonic liquid level transmitter , Abbe refractometer, water quality rapid detector, sludge ratio group measuring device, scanner, nitrogen blowing instrument, personal dose alarm device, the company adhering to the "customer first, forge ahead" business philosophy, adhere to the "customer first" The principle is to provide quality services to our customers. Welcome patrons!
Mascaras on the market are roughly divided into five types: precision mascara, waterproof mascara, thick mascara, lengthening mascara, and repair mascara. Faced with so many types, you can choose according to your own situation.
The precision mascara makes the eyelashes distinct, the waterproof mascara keeps you from taking off your makeup in the water, the thick lashes contain thick factors to make your eyes deep, and the fibers in the extended mascara make your eyelashes feathery. Flickering and energetic, repairing mascara can add luster to eyelashes and benefit the healthy growth of eyelashes.
The charming and crystal eyes, coupled with thick and long eyelashes, can make the entire facial makeup look vivid and delicate.
Therefore, the care and modification of eyelashes is very important. Use growth mascara to make the original dark, sparse and short eyelashes look black and long.
When choosing mascara, pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Mascara should be safe, harmless and non-irritating to the eyes. If it falls into the eyes accidentally during use, there should be no irritation.
2. Mascara should have a moderate gloss. After use, it will make the eyelashes dark and shiny, and produce better cosmetic effects.
3. The paste is even and fine, with moderate viscosity, is easier to apply, and adheres evenly, and the eyelashes will not harden or clump after use.
4. The mascara does not stick to the eyelids after drying, and is not afraid of being soaked by sweat, tears, and rain.
Mascara,Girls Need Waterproof Mascara,Long-Lasting Wear Mascara,Volumizing Mascara,Curling Mascara etc.
Mascara,Waterproof Mascara,Long-Lasting Wear Mascara,Volumizing Mascara,Curling Mascara
Jilin Xiangqi Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.xqccosmetics.com