Researchers at Lund University in Sweden conducted a study of 280,000 patients for 16 years and showed that air temperature is an external cause of heart attack. The results of the survey were announced at the ESC (European Society of Cardiology) conference on August 28.
The study is the largest survey of the relationship between heart disease and weather
The first author, Dr. Moman A. Mohammad, Department of Cardiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, said: "There is a seasonal change in the onset of heart disease - the incidence in summer is decreasing and peaking in winter. It is not clear whether this is due to Lower temperatures or changes in behavior."
This nationwide, 16-year study was led by Professor David Erlinge of Lund University and is the largest survey of the relationship between the incidence of heart attacks and meteorological conditions such as temperature, sunshine, precipitation and barometric pressure.
All patients who underwent continuous cardiac therapy in the coronary care unit between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2013 were enrolled in the study using the Swedish Cardiac Infarction Registry (SWEDEHEART). Using meteorological data obtained from hundreds of local weather stations at the Swedish Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (SMHI), the researchers studied special weather during the onset of a heart attack.
The link between heart attack rate and temperature is stable in each subgroup
The researchers calculated the average minimum temperature in six medical districts across the country and Sweden and classified them as <0 °C, 1-10 °C, and >10 °C; and evaluated the average number of heart attacks per day and the average minimum temperature. Relationship.
During the study period, a total of 280,873 heart attacks occurred, 99% of which were meteorological data. The average number of heart attacks per day is significantly higher at cooler temperatures than in warmer weather.
On a daily basis, the study divided Swedish heart disease cases into three parts, comparing daily average temperatures below 0 °C and above 10 °C. In addition, the onset of heart disease is associated with increased wind speed, limited daylight hours and higher air humidity. The results of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were consistent.
The researchers analyzed the relationship between heart attack rates and weather conditions in older adults, those with high blood pressure, diabetes or previous heart disease, and those taking different medications. The link between heart attack rates and weather conditions is stable across subgroups.
Low temperature causes multiple heart disease
Dr. Mohammad said: "Our results consistently show a higher rate of heart attack below zero. This finding is the same across a wide range of patient subgroups, both nationally and regionally, indicating that the temperature is The cause of a heart attack."
The body responds to cold superficial vasoconstriction, thereby reducing heat transfer to the skin and increasing arterial blood pressure. Other reactions are tremors and faster heartbeats, which increase the metabolic rate and increase body temperature.
Dr. Mohammad said: "In most healthy people, these mechanisms are well tolerated. However, in patients with coronary atherosclerotic plaques, a heart attack may occur."
Since this is an observational study, Dr. Mohammad said that there are other factors that may lead to the results. "Respiratory tract infections and flu are risk factors for heart attacks and have significant seasonal changes. In addition, seasonally dependent behaviors such as reduced physical activity and dietary changes may increase heart attacks in cold weather," he said. occur."
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