Today, people say that furniture design, it is only about the aesthetic design of the appearance, many design professions are located in the Academy of Fine Arts, furniture design and aesthetic appearance painted on the equal.
Corresponding to this state, our designers are also in line with the painter on the outside, not the bald head is to keep long hair, bearded, and then wear Tang suit, than the foreign designers and "fan children."
In fact, furniture design should consist of three parts:
First, the aesthetic appearance
Second, the application function
Third, structural mechanics
The aesthetic appearance is not to say, too many people have said it, and there is also a "behavioral art."
Functional design, there are many people involved, functional design should include: application, size, security
Today people say application functions, not just tables, chairs, beds, but more intelligent things. For example, the bed can be put away, and it can be turned into a three-seat sofa; electrical appliances can be installed in the cabinets and TV cabinets; the remote control can be used to open the door, turn off the lights, turn off the lights...
The industry also specifies a number of standard sizes, such as the height of the table, the height of the chair, the inner diameter of the bed: (queen size: 1500mm × 2000mm, king size: 1800mm × 2000mm) and so on. But few people discuss whether dimensions other than ergonomics should be used, such as the height of the wardrobe is more than 2200mm, all the way to the ceiling, these so-called custom wardrobes.
Cabinets over 2200mm must be studied:
——The usage rate of the upper cabinet above 2200mm should be investigated in a market. If the usage rate is lower than 20%, then there is not much use function.
- If the usage rate exceeds 20%, it is quite dangerous. The functional design should take into account the safety. When using the upper cabinet, you must stand on a chair or even use a ladder, which may cause "family injury". What is more terrible is that Older people and children spend more time at home, so the chance of being hurt is greater, and the damage done to the elderly may be "invulnerable."
Therefore, in the functional design, the safety aspect is also very important, except for the size and the structure. The IKEA chest of drawers, because the children were naughty, stepped on the drawer and climbed up, resulting in overturning, causing six children to die, IKEA therefore compensated 50 million US dollars, and settled out of court.
Structural design
In addition to the safety of structural design, it is mainly to study the load of furniture, that is, the parts of furniture, and how much material should be used for safe use.
Structural design must know how a piece of furniture will be used, and must know how it will be used "unreasonably."
For example, a sofa, we must know the force people take when sitting down and leaning back. They must also know the force generated when moving the sofa, carrying and transporting, even pushing and lifting on the floor...etc. Damage.
The structural design of the furniture, like the design of other long-established structures (such as houses and bridges), has evolved through continuous trials, from which experience and lessons have been learned (such as the collapse of the house and the collapse of the bridge). But the problem is that other structural sciences other than furniture, the analytical procedures have been quite perfect, we can safely live in the house and pass the bridge with confidence, but the scientific furniture structure has failed to attract attention, not even knowing that there is such a It’s going on.
Carl A. Eckelman of the United States was the first to introduce the quantitative structure of furniture to furniture design. He believed that designers must know when sitting in a chair, leaning back, turning, etc. What is the load on the chair and how often do these loads occur?
This is related to the size of each part of the chair, how to calculate, of course, in addition to coping with the load, must also consider the cost, to achieve a balance between the two.
The structural design of course also contains a sly design, there are many articles in this area, I will not say more here.
When designing the structure, you must also take into account the functional and aesthetic appearance, and you must not go it alone.
Extended reading: crazy design of the whole family! After reading it, I just want to put a tatami!
Let's take the structural design of a chair as an example:
Assumption: 125 kg of weight
The depth of the chair is 44 cm
The internal force at the other end is 5,500 jin·cm
Liriodendron: The component material we use is Liriodendron.
When the moisture content is 12%, the allowable design stress is as follows:
The calculation method of the side and back columns of the chair is as follows:
First, the design of the side file:
It can be seen from the figure that the bending force at the end of the side gear is:
Sorted in the substitution:
Since the thickness of imported echinacea in the United States is 2.2cm, we use 2.2cm*4.5cm as the edge size.
Our design is about 1/21 times the allowable shear stress of wood, if the weight is 300 kg:
Again, such designs are subject to a stress that is less than the allowable stress.
Second, the design of the rear column:
We are divided into upper and lower sections, each of which is 40.5cm
Upper paragraph: Assume that the back force is 70 kg
Wood thickness w=2.2cm
Then the bending force acting on the bottom of the member is:
The allowable shear stress is 1/3 of the ultimate shear stress of the wood, ie 397 psi.
The shear stress is much less than the allowable value and meets the requirements.
Usually the back legs of the chair are designed, and the lower part will be tilted back slightly. In order to move the center of gravity backwards, the chair is more stable and the axial force is therefore larger. Assuming that the weight is 125 kg, the axial force is greater than 125 kg.
70 kg - assuming a back force
2.2×4.0—Material size for the back post of the chair
The allowable compressive strength of the wood is:
According to the calculation results, 22.14 psi is much smaller than 3695 psi, indicating that the component size we set has sufficient longitudinal strength.
If the person sitting in the chair weighs 300 pounds, the backrest is 150 pounds:
The axial stress of 51.10 psi is still much smaller than the size used in the design. The allowable compressive strength of the wood is 3695 psi, which proves that our structural design and material size are up to standard, ensuring the safety, durability and stability of the furniture. Sex.
The structural design of the furniture can be applied to the analysis procedures already available in other disciplines, without having to rely on experience and lessons so that people can use it with peace of mind. At least, through this simple case study, designers should realize that furniture design is not just aesthetics of appearance, it encompasses science.
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