In the LENS 3D printing technique, metal powder is ejected as the nozzle is ejected, instantaneously melted by the action of the laser, and then these liquid metal droplets solidify on the solid surface. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to control the movement of droplets against solid surfaces to determine if droplets will stick, bounce or "self-peel" the solid surface. Studying the adhesion properties of droplets to solid surfaces, this new discovery by MIT may have implications for future 3D printing technologies and other technologies.
MIT's findings will help to adjust the properties of the machined surface during processing, sometimes requiring the production of very smooth surfaces to reduce the friction of mechanical parts. Or by adjusting the surface thermal conductivity, the surface quality becomes more controllable. This study of the interaction of metal droplets with solid surfaces provides a way to achieve controllable surfaces.
For researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the ability to precisely control surface properties allows them to make very unusual things: controlling and influencing the behavior of droplets.
Droplets during solidification tend to behave two ways when they hit a solid surface: adhesion or rebound. In some engineering applications, including 3D printing processes, it is important to understand and control the results of the behavior. The point of pain is that it is difficult to predict or control the flow of droplets.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology tried to understand the behavior of droplets from another angle: the researchers studied the thermal properties of those solid surfaces and thought that the behavior of the droplets was controlled by "tuning" the thermal properties of these solid surfaces.
Image: Different behaviors of molten metal droplets on the surface of silicone and glass substrates
According to Kripa Varanasi, an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, researchers have discovered interesting phenomena. The subjects were two substrates with similar wetting properties but with different thermal properties. The researchers found that the molten metal droplets "shed off" the silicone substrate but adhered to the surface of the glass substrate. Since glass is a good thermal insulation material, this experiment has led researchers to believe that the adhesion of droplets can be controlled by adjusting the thermal properties of the impact surface.
The thermal performance that researchers refer to is not just temperature. More is the thermal efficiency factor, and the rate at which the material transfers heat plays a key role in controlling the adhesion of the droplets.
It's like our feeling of sitting on a wooden board and a stone is different: even if the temperature of the board and the stone are the same, we feel that it is colder on the stone, because the stone surface with higher thermal conductivity can be faster. The ground sucks heat away from us.
The main experiments of MIT researchers include studying the behavior of molten metal droplets on various surfaces. This is an area of ​​particular interest because of the deposition behavior of metal spraying, better understanding and control of the adhesion of metal droplets means better processing results.
According to research papers published by researchers, these insights have broad application prospects in thermal spray and additive manufacturing as well as in extreme ultraviolet lithography.
According to Professor Varanasi, the way in which droplets form plaque determines the integrity of the coating itself. If it is not perfect, it may have a huge impact on the performance of the components, especially in the application of core components such as turbine blades.
To actually apply the results of this study, the researchers envisioned an ability to immediately adjust surface properties to control droplet adhesion or rebound behavior. According to the researchers' assumptions, the scene of real-time adjustment of thermal performance can be realized by an electric field or a magnetic field, so that the interaction of the droplets with the solid substrate becomes more controllable.
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