(1) Industrial endoscope technology application
Industrial endoscopes are used in NDT (Nondestructive Testing) and are now welcomed by the industrial manufacturing and repair industries. In the 1970s, China used endoscopes as an important instrument for NDT testing for civil aircraft maintenance. In the mid-1980s, this product was also used in NDT work in pressure vessels, petrochemicals, electric power, machinery manufacturing, ordnance. At present, the use of this product in China is of a medium level and has great development potential and needs to be further promoted.
Industrial endoscope technology has the unique advantage of extending people's line of sight and arbitrarily changing the direction of the line of sight, accurately observing the true condition of the inner surface of the object, which cannot be replaced by other instruments. For example, in aviation applications, the industrial speculum can be extended into the interior of the aircraft engine to directly observe the actual condition inside the machine or the internal surface condition of the equipment components; to effectively detect the surface condition of the concealed or narrow part, and There is no need to disassemble equipment or components for destructive inspection. The method is simple and reliable, very intuitive and effective. In the aerospace industry, whether it is in the manufacturing industry or the maintenance industry, the use of endoscopes for NDT testing has achieved good results, solved many difficult problems, ensured the normal operation of the entire set of equipment, and avoided some accidents.
Nowadays, the application of industrial speculum technology has been developed to use computer image processing technology, printing technology and network technology to complete the image capture, storage and processing analysis under the endoscope, standard report writing, advanced document management, accurate image measurement and analysis. , partial enlargement, clear graphic and textual report output, etc. At present, compared with similar products in the Chinese market, the level of application of this technology to domestic speculum products is in a leading position.
(2) Principles of industrial endoscope construction
The industrial endoscope is an NDT instrument that integrates light, machine and electricity. It is divided into three series of products. The first category, the rigid endoscope series; the police second class, the fiber endoscope series; the third category, the electronic video endoscope series products. This technical product classification is the international standard.
2.1 rigid endoscope construction principle
The structure of the rigid endoscope is shown in Figure 1. The working principle is to use the optical technology of the transfer lens to transmit images and to provide light-transmitting illumination by the optical fibers. In order to transmit a clear image, a rotating lens system of several optical elements is designed in the effective stainless steel insertion portion of the speculum. The built-in fiber transmits the required photographic light directly from the independent cold light source to the working position. Product specifications: diameter 1 ~ 20mm, length 50 ~ 1000mm. The main applications in the aerospace industry are inspections for the body frame, periodic inspections of turbine blades and combustion chambers, and research and development of aerospace engine components and components, and NDT work in the manufacturing industry. It is also widely used in other industries.
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Figure 1 媳 媳 endoscopic avoidance
2.2 brazed endoscope construction principle
The structure of the fiberscope is shown in Figure 2. Its working principle is to transmit the week by high-quality imaging fibers, like, directly through the eyepiece. The fiber speculum consists of A Hao (front end, curved part and soft part), operation part and eyepiece part. The fiber bundle, the optical fiber and the wire for adjusting the angle of the front end of the head are all built in. Cold light source. Product specifications: diameter 2.4 ~ 12mm, length 5 ~ 6000mm.
Since the 1980s, foreign countries have used ultra-small charge-coupled device (CCD) technology to manufacture electronic video endoscope products. It is transmitted from the objective lens to the CCD surface, and then the CCD converts the light image into an electronic signal, and the data is transferred to the video endoscope control group, and then the control group outputs the image to the monitor or the computer. . China used this technology to manufacture electronic video industrial endoscopes in the early 1990s. Product specifications: diameter 6 ~ 20mm, length 2 ~ 100m.
The level of electronic video speculum technology represents the most advanced level of endoscopy. It not only has the technical performance of hard speculum and fiber speculum, but also adds computer application technology for multiple people to view clear images at the same time, and has image metering and other functions. The CCD image elements used in the electronic industrial endoscopes are 280,000 to 430,000, with high definition, long working length, and the main body can be bent without being easily broken. In the fourth phase of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2001, it was widely used in aerospace and other industries. Due to the high price of this product, the number of fiber endoscopes and rigid endoscopes used by domestic users is large. To this end, domestic manufacturers are constantly introducing foreign electronic industry speculum technology to produce products, reducing national foreign exchange expenditures, and improving the level of domestic NDT work. .
3 Industrial endoscope manufacturing technology domestic and foreign product gap
At present, foreign industrial endoscope products are mainly based on Japanese and American products in the domestic market. In the 1980s, industrial endoscope technology was introduced in China, and industrial endoscope series products were produced. The products that have been put on the market include hard sight glasses, fiber endoscopes, and electronic video endoscopes, which are the same as foreign countries. The following describes the gap between domestic and foreign products in manufacturing technology.
3.1 rigid endoscope
China's optical lens cold processing technology has reached the international level. The principle of rigid endoscopic imaging is the optical lens composition technology. In imaging technology, domestic and foreign are basically the same. However, in the external stainless steel material and appearance of the product, there is a gap compared with similar foreign products, but the effect is the same. China's rigid endoscopic technology has passed.
3.2 fiber endoscope
The key component in the manufacture of fiberscopes is the fiber image bundle, which determines product clarity and longevity. More than 30,000 pieces of fiber-transparent camouflage monofilaments are sold abroad in the Chinese mainland market. China imported more than 20,000 fiber-transparent monofilaments from the fiber-beam production line; domestic fiber-made bundles of monofilaments are less than 10,000. The principle of endoscope manufacturing is the same, but the raw materials are different. If the imported fiber image bundle is used to assemble the endoscope, the gap between domestic and foreign similar products will decrease.
3.3 Electronic Video Industrial Endoscope
Domestic manufacturers use imported CCD original parts to assemble electronic video industrial endoscope products. The construction principle is the same. The outer diameter of the whole machine is close to the outer diameter of foreign products. In the aerospace industry, etc., it can basically meet the normal use of NDT. The minimum diameter of foreign products is 6 ram; the minimum diameter of domestic products is 8 mm. There is only a gap between the appearance of domestic products and the main materials and foreign products. However, the price of domestic products is less than half of the price of similar foreign products, and the maintenance is convenient and the cost is low.
The above summarizes the technical gaps between the domestic and international products of the three types of industrial endoscopes. In addition to the certain gaps in the fiber-optic endoscope fiber image beam technology at home and abroad, the domestic product level of other products in this product is close to that of similar foreign products.
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